Literary Genres
Literary Genres | Les genres littéraires
The term genre | le genre specifies the literary form or type into which works are classified. Literary genres may be categorized according to what they have in common, either in their formal structures or in their treatment of subject matter, or both.
Texts are primarily classified within the fiction or non-fiction categories.
Fiction | Un texte de fiction
The fictional literary genre
- includes a variety of narrative genres that intend to entertain and engage the reader in an imaginative experience
- describes imaginary events and people
- features content that is produced by the author’s imagination
- may be realistic or may not be based on facts
Non-fiction | Un texte de non-fiction
The non-fictional literary genre
- features accurate and credible information
- explores factual and informational themes about things, events, people, constructs, concepts, and theories
The following table includes common genres of fiction and non- fiction literature and highlights their key features.
Genres | Genres
Adventure | Une aventure
Fiction
Features | Les traits
The adventure literary genre
- focuses on the solving of a problem through a series of action events
- typically includes an aspect of peril, threat, or danger
- involves risk and physical danger, as its main theme
- often features a hero and a villain as characters
Autobiography | Une autobiographie
Non-fiction
The autobiographical literary genre
- explains an account of a real person’s life written by that person from his or her own point of view
- is often written from the first person singular perspective
Biography | Une biographie
Non-fiction
The biographical literary genre
- is usually a description or an account of a person’s life written by another person
- often situates a person’s life in historical terms and/or in a cultural context
Drama | Un drame
Fiction
The drama literary genre
- presents the actions and words of characters
- is typically designed for the theatre because characters are assigned roles usually enacted on stage
- generally appears as a play (or a script) such as radio broadcasts, comedy sketches, and opera
- expresses conflicts and emotions through dialogue and action
Epic | Une épopée
Fiction
The epic literary genre
- recounts the actions, travels, or adventures of a hero, who is usually on a quest or attempting to perform a difficult task
- describes the deeds of a heroic figure, often of national or cultural importance
Essay | Une dissertation
Non-fiction
The essay literary genre
- discusses a subject or makes an argument
- often presents the writer’s own ideas on a topic and may reflect an author’s perspective or point of view
- frequently found in magazines and periodicals
Fable | Une fable
Fiction
The fable literary genre
- teaches a moral or lesson through the narration of a brief tale
- involves characters that are usually animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that embody different human characteristics
Fairy tale | Un conte de fées
Fiction
The fairy tale literary genre
- involves magical beings, lands, and objects
- often begin with “Once upon a time . . . ” | « Il était une fois. . . » or “Long, long ago . . . ” | « Il ya bien longtemps. . ./ En ce temps-là… »
- includes enchanting, fantastic or marvelous episodes and imaginative characters, events, or symbols
Fantasy | Une fantaisie
Fiction
The fantasy literary genre
- features an imaginative setting, often in the past or the future
- involves characters (human and animal) who have adventures
- typically contains elements of magic
- includes unrealistic, nonsensical or impossible aspects
Folk tale | Un conte populaire
Fiction
The folk tale literary genre
- is usually based on a story from the past that has been transmitted orally from generation to generation
- is typically of unknown authorship
- may entertain, teach, reinforce cultural and social mores, and reflect cultural differences
Historical fiction | Un texte de fiction historique
Fiction
The historical fiction literary genre
- gives an accurate portrayal of life and events during a particular time in history
- often features real settings
- usually involves imaginary characters and plots
Horror | Un texte d’horreur
Fiction
The horror literary genre
- typically highlights events or characters that evoke fear in other characters and in the reader
- is designed to make the reader feel horror, disgust or terror
- features characters such as phantoms, witches or a variety of monsters that threaten humans
Humour | Un texte d’humour
Fiction
The humour literary genre
- uses comedy, wit, fancy, and funny anecdotes
- intends to entertain, amuse, ridicule or satirize
- focuses on funny characters, situations or events
- may be realistic or fantastic
Informational | Un texte informatif
Non-fiction
The informational literary genre
- explains a subject or concept
- includes factual texts of documented knowledge
- features accurate, authentic, up-to-date and clearly organized information
- may incorporate maps, photos, diagrams, illustrations or charts to help explain and justify the facts
Legend | Une légende
Fiction
The legend as a literary genre
- often focuses on a national or folk hero
- is typically rooted in real historical events, may have a basis in facts and/or includes imagined characters, events, and settings
- has usually been transmitted orally from generation to generation
Memoir | Une mémoire
Non-fiction
The memoir as a literary genre
- is a historical account
- has been written by someone with first-hand knowledge of the time and events
- involves a public portion of the author’s life as it relates to a person, historic event, or thing
- is usually written in the first person
Mystery | Une énigme
Fiction
The mystery literary genre
- deals with a puzzling question or crime that is solved through investigation and the following of clues
- commonly features suspense, adventure, crimes, secrets and detectives
Myth | Une mythologie
Fiction
The myth as a literary genre
- describes the early history of a people or explains some natural or social phenomenon
- usually involves gods, goddesses, and other supernatural beings
- reveals human behaviour and/or natural phenomena by its symbolism
Poetry | Une poésie
Fiction
Poetry as a literary genre
- appeals to the thoughts and feelings of the reader
- features compositions including rhyme, imaginative language, and beautiful words
- is usually written in verse rather than in prose
Realistic fiction | Un texte de fiction réaliste
Fiction
The realistic fiction literary genre
- depicts imaginary characters and events in a way that seems true to life
- may include topics such as lifelike family situations, peer relationships, and cultural differences
- is often set in modern times
Romance | Une romance
Fiction
The romance literary genre
- depicts love relationships, often in idealized ways
- typically has an emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending
- may be set in any place or time
Satire | Une satire
Fiction
The satire literary genre
- exposes and makes fun of human folly and vice
- commonly uses irony, mockery, sarcasm, and ridicule
- may ridicule the shortcomings of individuals, institutions, or society
Science fiction | Un texte de science-fiction
Fiction
The science fiction literary genre
- depicts the potential effect of scientific changes on an imagined future world and the characters in that world
- typically features futuristic settings, science and technology, space travel, and paranormal abilities
Sport | Un texte de sport
Fiction
The sports literary genre
- explores and celebrates the role and influence of athletics in characters’ lives and/or society
- includes plots and themes that deal with the characters’ participation in sports
Tall tale | Un grand conte
Fiction
The tall tale literary genre
- focuses on key elements of exaggeration
- depicts characters with exaggerated characteristics such as larger-than-life or superhuman abilities